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Cyrtandra halawensis

Rock (1919)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall.

Stems: Stems few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or in whorls of 4 per node, usually closely spaced, borne on upper 4–8 nodes. Those leaves at a node unequal, symmetrical or nearly so, elliptic to elliptic–obovate, (11–)18–40 cm long, (4–)5–14 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base broadly to narrowly cuneate. Upper surfaces sparsely bullate hirsute to bullate hirtellous; lower surfaces densely appressed velvety brown pilose; thick, chartaceous. Margins serrulate or occasionally serrate–dentate. Petioles 1.8–5(–11) cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 3 (sometimes fewer maturing) in cymes arising in the leaf axils, rarely of 1–4 cymes arising at a single node, densely or rarely moderately appressed brown pilose throughout, peduncles stout, 15–25 mm long, pedicels stout, unequal, 5–24 mm long, peduncles with minute to large and foliaceous, distinct or occasionally connate bracts, bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5–12 mm long, those of pedicels smaller. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, white when fresh, somewhat thickened, 16–20 mm long, cleft nearly to base, the lobes linear, densely appressed brown pilose, glabrous within, apex acute to attenuate, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, curved, ca. 18–19 mm long, ca. 6–8 mm in diameter medially, pilose, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly ovate, ca. 7–8 mm long, ca. 8–9 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 10–14 mm long, 9.5–10 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, glabrous; style ca. 9 mm long, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style present or absent; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid–ellipsoid; ca. 1.5 cm long (immature?); often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from a few collections from scattered localities in mesic valleys and mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 100–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Amer. J. Bot. 6: 60 (1919)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:758 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Puaalaulau Gulch upstream of old contour road on S side of valley, along small stream, degraded. wet, lowland riparian forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta, Rubus rosifolius, Aleurites, Blechnum, Adiantum raddianum, Charpentiera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Duvall, F.; Penniman, J.; Holmes, N. Collector Number: H70805 Molokai BISH 7/22/2008
2 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Puniuohua ahupuaa, Kainalu Stream, eastern tributary (Welo Stream). At start of trail from pasture to Puu Ohelo. On small bank at start of trail. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Bobea, Psidium, Araucaria. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60911 Molokai BISH 6/5/2009
3 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock kainalu In wet ravine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. dunbar; nakagawa collector number: 3629 Molokai BISH 1/21/1994
4 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 7010 GH 4/7/1910
5 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kukuinui Ridge, Wailau Va ley. Moist woods. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harold St. John 13274 Molokai PTBG 7/4/1933
6 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa Valley, Puaalaulau Gulch, upstream of the old contour road on south side of valley. Along small stream. Degraded lowland Metrosideros/Dicranopteris riparian wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70805 Molokai PTBG 7/22/2008
7 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kainalu Stream. West side. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60903 Molokai PTBG 6/3/2009
8 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Puu Kaeo, Waikolu. Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harold St. John 23420 Molokai PTBG 12/22/1948
9 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa Valley, Pua`alaulau Gulch upstream of old contour rd on S side of valley. Degraded lowland Metrosideros/Dicranopteris riparian wet forest, dominated by Psidium cattleianum and Clidemia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70805 Molokai PTBG 7/22/2008
10 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Papio gulch just below branching of Apee Stream and above large loop in Papio on N facing cliff side along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. F. Smith 3926 Molokai US 10/29/1999
11 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock papio gulch just below branching of apee stream and above large loop in papio on n facing cliff side along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. smith 3926 Molokai US 10/29/1999
12 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock kalawao dist, waikolu, back of valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & s. p. perlman 4105 Oahu US 2/22/1995
13 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kalawao Dist, Waikolu, back of valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Perlman, S. P. 4105 Molokai US 2/22/1995
14 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock kukuinui ridge, wailau valley Moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. dunn, j.; storey, w.b. collector number: 13274 Molokai BISH 7/4/1933
15 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 486.Mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
16 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock base of upper moaula falls Base of upper Moaula Falls, wet by spray. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baker, r.j.; coulter, j.w.; fosberg, f.r.; yuncker, t.g. collector number: 12663 Molokai BISH 12/27/1932
17 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock kaluaaha ahu. tr 11(1); maunaoluolu ridge along summit ridge Wet ohia Forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN jacobi, j.d. higashino, p.k. collector number: jdj 1501 Molokai BISH 7/11/1979
18 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock halawa valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 7010 Molokai BISH 4/1/1910
19 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kaluaaha headwaters, near rim of Wailau Valley Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Ilex, Scaevola, Dubautia, Kadua, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Pittosporum, Alyxia, Cibotium, Astelia, Sticherus, Melicope, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Labordia, Polypodium, Coprosma, Adenophorus, Lycopodiella, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Clidemia, Rubus, Sacciolepis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H11613 Molokai BISH 1/8/2016
20 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock kawela ahu. tr 3(4); papaala pali above e fork of waikolu stream, s of puu alii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2432 Molokai BISH 7/15/1979
21 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kukuinui Ridge, Wailau Valley Moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 13274 Molokai BISH 7/4/1933
22 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kawela AHU. TR 3(8); Papaala Pali above E fork of Waikolu Stream, S of Puu Alii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2432 Molokai BISH 7/15/1979
23 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Wailau AHU. TR 19(17/18); Btwn Wailau & Pelekunu Valleys along Kapapa Pali Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2932 Molokai BISH 8/2/1980
24 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 486.Mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
25 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Base of upper Moaula Falls Base of upper Moaula Falls, wet by spray. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12663 Molokai BISH 12/27/1932
26 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 486.mo Molokai BISH 7/1/1912
27 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kawela AHU. TR 3(4); Papaala Pali above E fork of Waikolu Stream, S of Puu Alii Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2432 Molokai BISH 7/15/1979
28 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 4/1/1910
29 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kainalu In wet ravine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3629 Molokai BISH 1/21/1994
30 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kaluaaha AHU. TR 11(1); Maunaoluolu Ridge along summit ridge Wet ohia Forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jacobi, J.D. JDJ 1501 Molokai BISH 7/11/1979
31 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock W ridge of Honomuni Moist metrosideros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25210 Molokai BISH 12/23/1953
32 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Halawa Valley Along streams and on the outskirts of the forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 4/1/1910
33 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 404 Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
34 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kainalu Stream, west side. Occasional in disturbed area. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Antidesma, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Sadleria, Cibotium, Christella, Kadua, Cheirodendron, Selaginella, Elaphoglossum, Sphenomeris, Psychotria, Melicope, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Psidium, Clidemia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60903 Molokai BISH 6/3/2009
35 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 404 mo Molokai BISH 8/8/1912
36 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock halawa valley River bank, moderately damp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 7010 Oahu BISH 4/1/1910
37 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock w ridge of honomuni Moist Metorsideros Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25210 Molokai BISH 12/23/1953
38 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Kahawaiiki Stream A few polants along stream, plus seedlings, in shady disturbed area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60901 Molokai BISH 6/2/2009
39 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock puaalaulau gulch upstream of old contour road on S side of valley, along small stream, degraded. wet, lowland riparian forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta, Rubus rosifolius, Aleurites, Blechnum, Adiantum raddianum, Charpentiera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. duvall, f.; penniman, j.; holmes, n. collector number: h70805 Molokai BISH 7/22/2008
40 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock Puaalaulau Gulch upstream of old contour road on S side of valley, along small stream, degraded. wet, lowland riparian forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta, Rubus rosifolius, Aleurites, Blechnum, Adiantum raddianum, Charpentiera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H70805 Molokai BISH 7/22/2008
41 Cyrtandra halawensis Rock wailau ahu. tr 19(17/18); btwn wailau & pelekunu valleys along kapapa pali Weed along cane field rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2932 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1980
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