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Cyrtandra halawensis

Rock (1919)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3 m tall.

Stems: Stems few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or in whorls of 4 per node, usually closely spaced, borne on upper 4–8 nodes. Those leaves at a node unequal, symmetrical or nearly so, elliptic to elliptic–obovate, (11–)18–40 cm long, (4–)5–14 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base broadly to narrowly cuneate. Upper surfaces sparsely bullate hirsute to bullate hirtellous; lower surfaces densely appressed velvety brown pilose; thick, chartaceous. Margins serrulate or occasionally serrate–dentate. Petioles 1.8–5(–11) cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 3 (sometimes fewer maturing) in cymes arising in the leaf axils, rarely of 1–4 cymes arising at a single node, densely or rarely moderately appressed brown pilose throughout, peduncles stout, 15–25 mm long, pedicels stout, unequal, 5–24 mm long, peduncles with minute to large and foliaceous, distinct or occasionally connate bracts, bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5–12 mm long, those of pedicels smaller. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, white when fresh, somewhat thickened, 16–20 mm long, cleft nearly to base, the lobes linear, densely appressed brown pilose, glabrous within, apex acute to attenuate, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, curved, ca. 18–19 mm long, ca. 6–8 mm in diameter medially, pilose, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes broadly ovate, ca. 7–8 mm long, ca. 8–9 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 10–14 mm long, 9.5–10 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, glabrous; style ca. 9 mm long, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style present or absent; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid–ellipsoid; ca. 1.5 cm long (immature?); often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Known only from a few collections from scattered localities in mesic valleys and mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 100–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Amer. J. Bot. 6: 60 (1919)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:758 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra halawensis Kukuinui Ridge, Wailau Valley Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Lvs. green above, tawny appressed hairy beneath; erect, few branched shrub; inflorescences on older leafless stems, borne right down to base of stem. St.John, H. 13274 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
2 Cyrtandra halawensis Kainalu In wet ravine. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3629 Molokai BISH 1994-01-21
3 Cyrtandra halawensis Kawela AHU. TR 3(8); Papaala Pali above E fork of Waikolu Stream, S of Puu Alii Preserved_Specimen cauline inflorescence Warshauer, F.R. 2432 Molokai BISH 1979-07-15
4 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
5 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
6 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
7 Cyrtandra halawensis Waialua Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 404 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
8 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 486 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
9 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 486 Molokai BISH 1912-07-01
10 Cyrtandra halawensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Molokai; Hawaii; Maui Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Molokai BISH
11 Cyrtandra halawensis Puaalaulau Gulch upstream of old contour road on S side of valley, along small stream, degraded. wet, lowland riparian forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta, Rubus rosifolius, Aleurites, Blechnum, Adiantum raddianum, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m shrub, sparingly branched; some with white hairs on abaxial leaf surface, not brown until dried Oppenheimer, H.L. 70805 Molokai BISH 2008-07-22
12 Cyrtandra halawensis Kaluaaha headwaters, near rim of Wailau Valley Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Ilex, Scaevola, Dubautia, Kadua, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Pittosporum, Alyxia, Cibotium, Astelia, Sticherus, Melicope, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Labordia, Polypodium, Coprosma, Adenophorus, Lycopodiella, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Clidemia, Rubus, Sacciolepis. Preserved_Specimen Single, sparingly branched shrub <2m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11613 Molokai BISH 2016-01-08
13 Cyrtandra halawensis Base of upper Moaula Falls Base of upper Moaula Falls, wet by spray. Preserved_Specimen Bushes 2 ft tall. St.John, H. 12663 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
14 Cyrtandra halawensis Halawa Valley Along streams and on the outskirts of the forest Preserved_Specimen Tall shrub Rock, J.F.C. 7010 Molokai BISH 1910-04-01
15 Cyrtandra halawensis Wailau AHU. TR 19(17/18); Btwn Wailau & Pelekunu Valleys along Kapapa Pali Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.5cm Bd; 1+m tall. Inflorescence cauline. Warshauer, F.R. 2932 Molokai BISH 1980-08-02
16 Cyrtandra halawensis Kukuinui Ridge, Wailau Valley Moist woods Preserved_Specimen Lvs. green above, tawny appressed hairy beneath; erect, few branched shrub; inflorescences on older leafless stems, borne right down to base of stem. St.John, H. 13274 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
17 Cyrtandra halawensis W ridge of Honomuni Moist metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m shrubs, lvs. dark green and scabrous above, whitish below. St.John, H. 25210 Molokai BISH 1953-12-23
18 Cyrtandra halawensis Kawela AHU. TR 3(4); Papaala Pali above E fork of Waikolu Stream, S of Puu Alii Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 2m tall; branched. Cauline inflorescence. Warshauer, F.R. 2432 Molokai BISH 1979-07-15
19 Cyrtandra halawensis Wailau AHU. TR 19(17/18); Btwn Wailau & Pelekunu Valleys along Kapapa Pali Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 1.5cm Bd; 1+m tall. Inflorescence cauline. Warshauer, F.R. 2932 Molokai BISH 1980-08-02
20 Cyrtandra halawensis Kaluaaha AHU. TR 11(1); Maunaoluolu Ridge along summit ridge Wet ohia Forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 2cm Bd; 1.5m tall. Ground rooted, in shade. Fruit along non-leaved portion of stem. Some smaller plants; locally uncommon. Jacobi, J.D. 1501 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
21 Cyrtandra halawensis Puniuohua ahupuaa, Kainalu Stream, eastern tributary (Welo Stream). At start of trail from pasture to Puu Ohelo. On small bank at start of trail. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Bobea, Psidium, Araucaria. Preserved_Specimen Rare, localized, about 10 plants including seedlings. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60911 Molokai BISH 2009-06-05
22 Cyrtandra halawensis Kahawaiiki Stream A few polants along stream, plus seedlings, in shady disturbed area Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched shrubs to 3 m tall. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Antidesma, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Sadleria, Cibotium, Christella, Kadua, Cheirodendron, Selaginella, Elaphoglossum, Sphenomeris, Diplopterygium, Peperomia, Psidium, Clidemia Oppenheimer, H.L. 60901 Molokai BISH 2009-06-02
23 Cyrtandra halawensis Kainalu Stream, west side. Occasional in disturbed area. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Antidesma, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Sadleria, Cibotium, Christella, Kadua, Cheirodendron, Selaginella, Elaphoglossum, Sphenomeris, Psychotria, Melicope, Labordia, Diplopterygium, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Psidium, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched shrubs to 3 meters tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60903 Molokai BISH 2009-06-03
24 Cyrtandra halawensis W ridge of Honomuni Moist metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m shrubs, lvs. dark green and scabrous above, whitish below. St.John, H. 25210 Molokai BISH 1953-12-23
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